Chapter 8 (IPS) CAUSE FACTORS COLD WAR EVENT

     
           During the second world war the United States is one of the allied countries that have sufficient military forces fighting against besar.Dalam Germany and Italy, the United States managed to beat back even surrendered to the allies. Japan also surrendered and subject to the sekutu.Sementara power Unisovyet, also has a very large role in the Allied victory in World War II. Thanks to Unisovyet, these countries include Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. Getting sukup strong influence ofUnisovyet.
             Mastery of the area conducted by the balance of power Unisovyet rise in Economics, Politics, and Ideology. Second superpower ideology Itupun expansion into other countries. Various metodepun used either in the form of economic aid and military cooperation and arms. This meant that the cold war.
           In 1947, the United States issued the Marshall Plan, which is a treaty of economic assistance in the framework of European economic recovery is devastated by World War II. This transaction proposed george Marshall Catller a U.S. foreign minister. The proposal was conveyed to the June 5, 1947 at Harvard University. The United States expressed willingness to provide assistance to anti-communist forces in Turkey and Greece in the face of communism Unisovyet.Amerika U.S. forces also apply Containment politics, namely a foreign policy strategy of the United States to stem the expansion of the power of Soviet communism. Policy issued by it in Geoge Kennan, an American diplomat in 1947, and became a guide in foreign policy framework of the United States in the period 1947-1987.
         Unisovyet also tried to launch a political and ideological expansion in the various countries of East European region and Asia. It was seen from the merger of the European countries with Unisovyet east. In 1948, when the German capital Berlin in the east Unisovyet power, Joseph Stalin cut off roads and the railway line between West Germany and East Germany. Although in the end a blockade that Unisovyet opened in May 1949, the event triggers the beginning of the emergence of a confrontation between America and Unisovyet. In this crisis the United States to send some form of food aid, equipment, and materials Coal Energy. Events were triggered in the form of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 4 April 1949. The purpose of NATO is supporting the establishment of political stability and security in the North Atlantic region.
Formation of the eastern bloc provoked NATO to establish the Warsaw Pact or Warsaw Pact. Pact is in the form dated May 14, 1955 in the city of Warsaw, Poland. The aim is to counteract the impact of the development of weapons installation in western Germany, which is affiliated directly with NATO. Warsaw Pact is dominated by the Soviet Union. In 1961, Albania came out of the Warsaw Pact and cut diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union because of differences ideologist. Eksisitensi NATO in Western Europe and the Warsaw Pact in eastern Europe, which each represent 2 conflicting ideologies, the cause Terminology in the world, the East-West terminology. Country "east" in Analogikan as a communist state, while the state "the West" at Analogikan with the State-capitalist democracy democracy. In 1946, Winston Churchill, former British prime minister who declared that there is an iron curtain separating the relationship of Western and Eastern Europe, namely Unisovyet politics.
         The events in Europe which has been described above is not the only trigger the emergence of the cold war. Genesis in Asia also became one of the triggers of the emergence of these consultations. Implications of China's Mao Zedong strengthening is the strengthening of the Asia communism timeline particularly China and Korea in 1950 Korea was divided into 2 areas of North Korea and South Korea.
           
 B. EXTENSION OF WAR TO COLD OUTSIDE EUROPE
         Embodiment of the Domino Theory in the cold war was the emergence of Proxy War in various regions outside of Europe. Proxy War is war as a result of secondary primary battle that took place between two large countries, the United States and the Soviet Union, among others in Vietnam and Korea.
Communism has also appeared the region Latin America, namely in Cuba. Countries that diplomatically close to the United States, the Cuban Revolution which occurred led by Fidel Castro. Triggered the power between the two camps weapons IDEOLOGICAL, namely the mendaatkan kuba support from the Soviet Union against the United States.
Chinese Communist Government
Understand the emergence of communism in China originated from the Chinese communist party's victory in the political conflict in Cina.Tahun 1923, paratai Chinese communism, Mao Zedong led, to an alliance with the Kuomintang party leader Sunyatsen. Year 1927 so that the number fraction of the nationalist groups represented by the Kuomintang moved the bow of Lenin communism movement towards the Chinese Communist Party. The civil war was not terhindarkan.Mao Zedong's long march to the mountains surrounding Yunnan in 1943-1935. Through Mao Zedong's efforts to get a lot of support from the peani. The size of peasant support for the Chinese Communist party is kemuadian become increasingly intense as the land-reform policies that the idea of this party in 1946. Strength in Chinese Communism by increasing the trigger Mao Zedong as the PRC's declaration of independence 1 Otober 1949. Kuomintang party led by Chiang Kai-shek was defeated by the communist party Shek eventually moved to Taiwan, which put forward a similar format with the ideology of the United States, which is Democracy.
Leadership of Mao Zedong in C ina cause a dominant effect in the political party balance of power between the two kekutan superpower, America and Soviet. China is the geopolitical and geostrategis has two important advantages in the fight Ideology. China becomes country with a potentially huge expansion of the influence of the target sbagai Ideology of the two countries and also beperan as the central force of ideology in ideological battle menagkan in the United States and the Soviet Union. China is a strategic position to benefit for the two superpowers in spreading their ideology in Asia, especially in terms of the effectiveness of each dissemination of ideology into the surrounding region.
           With broad support by the Chinese territory nearly a third of world wide and the large number of people it has, China stood as a political and ideological forces that can not be underestimated its existence. The process of cultural revolution by Mao Zedong in 1966-1969 has implications for the emergence of cultural purification is strongly rooted in the Chinese people.
             From the standpoint of military and weapons, China developed its nuclear weapons technology projects since 1957. The concept of self-help and sate-survival is the view that state power can not rely on the existence of the alliance, but must be built independently. State Survival is the principle that emphasizes the importance of creating a security state. Alliance strategy applied by the Soviet Union to hold China in 1949-1950 became one of the factors causing the emergence of the west-east axis in the war in asia dingin.Kekutan komomunisme greater with the strengthening position of the Chinese communist party in China's governance structure.

KOREAN WAR
       
          The outbreak of the Korean North Korean and South Korea stems from the Japanese annexation of Korea since 1910. In the early days of World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the Korean and Japanese combat. August 10, 1945, the United States issued a foreign policy to occupy southern Korea in order to stem the spread of Soviet communism that had already spread in northern Korea. Intended that the Soviet Union not to control the entire Korean peninsula region. High-ranking American at the time it makes a grand-design to solve the Korean, with reasons to keep Soel position of influence in the Soviet Union felt more strongly in the northern part of Korea.
           Furthermore the United States and the Soviet Union supported the establishment of another regime in the region sebah respective powers. The first regime in south Korea led by Syngman Rhee. Was a prominent anti-communist who had lived in the United States and is very popular with the movement "right" it. The first regime in North Korea led by Kim II Sung. Korean guerrilla leader was ever fought with China to stem the Japanese forces in Manchuria tahun1930's. The second regime in the form in 1946 by acclamation.
            North Korea is communist bebasis ideplogi become one of the main targets of political Containment launched by the United States. Politics of Containment is the foreign policy of the United States that aims to stem the spread of communist ideology and establish a state into opposition for countries that adopted communism around the world. In the Korean War began on June 25, 1950, which marked the invasion of North Korean troops across the line 38 to the south of Korea. South Korea led by Syngman Rhoe and North Korea led by Kim II Sung. September 15, 1950, the United States forces, in the lead-General Douglas MacArthur, landed in the area Inch'on. The landing of U.S. troops has become a very telling tactic of locking the North Korean troops who are already far into the region south korea.
            Chinese participation in the Korean War in October 1950 also led to widening the cold war conflict in Asia. With the participation of China into the United Nations North Korea areas. Its purpose is solely to bring unity divided Korea because the Korean war. China thinks it is a threat to its security defenses UN troops Closely allied with the United States. The Korean War ended with a truce between North Korea and South Korea agreed to de facto border in latitude 38 (degrees) appears in the image of UN troops were passing through the line of latitude 38 (degrees).
           Finally, peace negotiations began was conceived as the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower gives ultimatum would use nuclear kekutan to invade China. The agreement was finally reached on July 27, 1953, in the 2 main points. First, the two warring countries agreed boundary line of latitude as the border between North Korea and South Korea. Demilitarized zone located on the border between South Korea and North Korea more or less along the 1000 km to be proof of the still active psychological warfare between North Korea, which faces South Korea and communist-leaning liberal.

Cuban revolution
          
          Cuba is a country that dropped another historical journey through the process of the coup. In 1924, Cuba was in the lead Gerrardo Machado, political figures who Corruption in government. Resistance peak year 1933 represented the people of Cuba by a group of workers and laborers who threatened to conduct attacks against the government Mchado. Finally Machado in tumbangkan by Fulgncio Batista military forces. Toddlers also controlled Cuba in 1940. In the 1944 period, under the rule of the dictatorial Batista, Cuba had a time of great fear and state-terrorism is a condition when the apparatus of government carry out terror and atrocities against its people by using all state devices.
         Leadership of the dictator Batista had actually ended in 1944 with the election of Carlos Prio in a democratic election. However, Batista returned to power in 1952 until 1958. In the second period of his leadership, the Batista government through a lot of resistance from popular movements and revolutionary gerilayawan, there are two major guerrilla groups opposed to Batista. The first group calling themselves as the second front. Led by Eloy Guierez is centered in the region Escambray mountains. The second and the pushed the Cuban revolution is Fidel Castro.
Castro on the assault began on July 26, 1953, known as the "July 26th Movement". In the attack, a military base in the city of Santiago Moncada attack. Which the troops live Batista. Castro was arrested and imprisoned until 1955.
             After the release in 1955, Castro went to Mexico and the United States to garner support and funding for the actions of government opposition to Batista. While in Mexico Fidel Castro met Ernesto "Che" Guevara, who became close allies in the overthrow the Batista government. In 1956, Fidel Catro with Che Guevara and the other squad members attack Batista's military strength. Castro landed in Cuba and in the welcome with fierce resistance from the Batista forces. Castro's forces retreated and went into the Sierra Maestra mountains, then began the practice gerilnya. In March 1958 pasuksn Castro entered Havana and Batista defeated military force. Overthrow of the Batista government and Castro's victory over the dictatorial regime of Batista's government called the Cuban Revolution. Later, Castro becomes Cuba's leader and run the country with a bow of communism.